Gingival pigmentation is characterised by a widespread dark purplish discoloration or irregularity that forms brown, light brown, or black spots. It is produced from melanin granules which are ultimately produced from Milano blasts in the oral tissues as early as three hours after birth and are sometimes the only sign of pigmentation on the body. Pigmented areas are only present when melanin granules created by melanocytes are transported to keratinocytes, according to most experts. The epidermal-melanin unit refers to this intimate link. For a pleasant and confident smile, it is necessary to remove unattractive pigmented gingival. The colour of Gingival is generally described as coral pink, it ranges in colour from light brown to dark brown or black.
The gingival tissue is one of the most pigmented tissues in the oral cavity. Gingival pigmentation is a darkening of the gingiva caused by several diseases and disorders that have both endogenous and external causes. It could be physiological factors, systematic disease symptoms, or malignant neoplasm. Gingival pigmentation is of two parts and they are:
Gingival depigmentations have been approached in a variety of ways. Here they are:
The pigmented gingival epithelium, as well as a layer of the underlying connective tissue, is surgically removed with this approach which involves dividing the epithelium with a blade.
A medium-grift football-shaped diamond bur is employed at high speeds to denude the epithelium in this procedure.
The use of high-frequency electrical energy in the radio transmission frequency band, which is administered directly to tissue to cause histologic effect, is known as electrosurgery. As the current flows through the tissue, the resistance to the current passing through it generates heat, which boils the tissue water and creates steam resulting in tissue cutting or coagulation.
The gingival is freeze using various materials such as liquid nitrogen in cryosurgery. This procedure involves repeatedly freezing and slowly melting water, resulting in tissue damage. Cell dehydration, enzyme inhibition, protein denaturation, and cell death owing to heat shock are all direct outcomes of cryotherapy. It also has certain indirect effects, such as alterations in the tissue’s vasculatures and immunological response which results in cell death.
There are various other methods too which help in gingival depigmentation such as chemical methods, free gingival graft, and acellular dermal matrix allograft. Call Imperial Smiles Dental and Implant Clinic.
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